Security Site Survey - 1014 Words

SECURITY SITE SURVEY REPORT The DeVry Corporate Center The security survey at the DeVry Corporate Center was conducted on June 10, 2013, by Christian Moreno who was retained by the DeVry University for this purpose. Information set forth in this report was obtained from Gregory Smith, Executive Vice President amp; Chief Financial Officer, and from David Davis, Facilities Manager, and from personal observations of Thomas Brown during the inspection of this facility. This report is intended as a detailed audit of all phases of the DeVry Corporate Center security operations and a review and evaluation of those areas and activities most vulnerable to the theft or safety risks. Neither the DeVry†¦show more content†¦* Campus security has a copy of the evacuation plan. * The Student Handbook includes emergency phone numbers for students, faculty and staff. * Displays of safety/security information are set up in the Lobby, Student Services Office and/or the Student Commons. * School publications are used as a forum for topi cs on the necessity of taking control of personal safety. * Procedures for informing appropriate personnel of any emergencies and emergency evacuation procedures are available in each department. Alarm System There is an alarm system installed but since the company operates around the clock there has never been the need to activate it. There are two emergency exits which are alarmed and clearly labeled. Closed Circuit Television [CCTV] There are sixteen closed circuit digital color cameras and the file is maintained for a period of thirty days. The monitors are located in the Facilities Manger’s office and at the receptionist’s desk. Another monitor is located in the vault area to allow employees there to view the lobby outside the shipping/receiving area. Visitors – Visitor Log Visitors are required to sign in a log at the receptionist’s desk and wear a visitor badge while on the premises. Recommendation The implementation of Universal Access Cards would allow anShow MoreRelatedAssignment 1768 Words   |  4 Pagesour Team will be utilizing Surveys and Brainstorming plus; other various options to help resolve JEH’s issues and needs. Although, before we can resolve their Business Need, we would need to send one of our Onsite Technicians to JEH to perform a Site Survey and document their Existing Network Structure. This individual will also need to document JEH’s Physical Premises Layout, so we can determine where and what new equipment is needed and can be installed. Our Site Survey Categories will be consistingRead MorePark Community Library : Security Plan1429 Words   |  6 PagesLibrary – Security Plan Photo: Library Entrance Photo: Arial View,  © Google 2014 The Severna Park Community Library is located at 45 West McKinsey Road, Severna Park, Maryland. Built in 1972 (AACPL Facilities Master Plan, 2011). The Library is the fourth largest of Anne Arundel County’s regional libraries with over 24,474 cardholders (Roche, 2014). The following â€Å"Security Plan† is based on information gathered during my security survey conductedRead More The Role of Trust in Internet Privacy Essay examples1115 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the he may be recognized in subsequent visits to the site. On each return visit, the site can call up user-specific information, which could include the consumers preferences or interests, as indicated by documents the consumer accessed in prior visits or items the consumer clicked on while in the site. Websites can also collect information about consumers through hidden electronic navigational software that captures information about site visits, including web pages visited and information downloadedRead MoreS cope Statement1341 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Project Title: Project Management Intranet Site ProjectDate: February 19, 2013 Prepared by: Joe Schmoe | Project Justification†Tanner Blutig, CEO of Conglomerated Chaos Systems, Incorporated (CCSI), initiated the concept of this project being undertaken in order to assist the company in meeting its strategic goals. By utilizing the company’s current pool of experience and high level of expertise, the new intranet site will increase visibility of the company’s leading edge technologyRead MoreWeb Application Of Web Applications1162 Words   |  5 PagesWEB APPLICATION SECURITY Table of Contents Introduction to Web Application†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....04 Web Application Attacks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦04 Common Application Attacks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦05 Injection Vulnerability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...06 Cross-Site Scripting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...07 Broken Authentication and Session Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.07 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.08 List of Tables and Figures Web Application Exposed StructureRead MoreWhy Companies Have A Right For Monitor Employees Use Of The Internet While On Company Time1744 Words   |  7 PagesThese actions include downloading infected files or accessing untrusted or unknown Internet sites. The monitoring of Internet activity along with regular scanning of company computers, including the files and documents it contains, helps protect not only the computer equipment but any secure information that can potentially be harmed or even extracted by attacks or computer hackers. When users visit a Web site, they may be asked to provide specific registration information, which can be used to createRead MoreLab Report970 Words   |  4 PagesCE3.13 Since I had previous experiences in using the survey software, I recommended the usage of Ekahau site survey. Even though there are different survey tools were available in the market, the reason I selected this tool is that it facilitates WLAN planning at the pre-deployment st age. I advised Mr. Surya, who was the lead systems engineer, to use of this tool for the detection of the coverage holes and co-channel interference zones in the various location of campus. Ekahau wireless adapter wasRead MoreThe Potential Threats And Risks That Have Home And Corporate Wifi Networks Can Provide The Desirable Level Of Security1320 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Overview of the many possible threats/risks that both home and corporate WIFI networks will need to overcome to provide the desirable level of security. A. Data Interception – anything that spreads outside your house or business can possibly be captured by non-authorized recipients. This can be done within a couple hundred feet or even much farther with a directional antennas used. (Phifer, 2010) B. Denial of Service - WIFI is by its nature completely vulnerable to DoS. One of the issuesRead MoreThe Access Control System For Providing Physical Security1305 Words   |  6 PagesTO PROVIDE PHYSICAL SECURITY? Introduction In the present world, the Access Control System is used in all the places where it is intended that a system should allow the authorized persons to get in or leave the facilities as and when required and also to keep a record about these movements. Basically it determines who is allowed to enter or exit; similarly allowed to exit or enter even with the time when they are allowed to enter or exit. In the past, the same job could have been partially doneRead MoreCyber Criminals And The Internet1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthe user in getting their computer cleaned up from virus. Once the attacker gets the access of users computer they try to insert or click on the links the keeps an eye on the users activities and when the user go to his banking site or any other sensitive sites the attacker can get all the user credentials The sole intention of the attacker in the above three scenarios is to get access into the user’s computer. If once the attacker is successful in that they can look at the user’s online

Should Same Sex Marriage Affect Traditional Family Values

Imagine not being able to bear your own child. The only way you can have the family you have always dreamed of is to adopt a child from the foster care system. You visit a foster home, and there she is; The little girl you have always dreamed of having. Little Suzie is perfect for you, and you want nothing more than to bring her home, except you run into a big problem, you are not married. Not only are you not married, but you cannot even get married because you are gay. Now not only has Little Suzie lost the opportunity to have a happy, healthy, and loving forever home but you are devastated. What do you do now? The state you reside in does not allow homosexuals to get married. How are you going to build a family of your own? Why are some Americans for the legalization of gay marriage, while others are totally against it? Some say same-sex marriage threatens traditional family values, but others argue that gay couples deserve the same rights as all Americans. Because gay marriage is so controversial, lawmakers should carefully take into consideration the multiple viewpoints before making any decisions about whether or not gay marriage should be legalized. Many opponents argue that homosexual marriage will lead to more non-traditional relationships such as incest, beastiality, and polygamy. In the Gay Rights and Marriage database article they state that, â€Å"According to many opponents, the cause of gay rights is not about gaining equal treatment for all; rather, it is aboutShow MoreRelatedShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized in the United States Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesDebate Paper Should same sex marriage be legalized in the United States? In some of our states laws have already been passed to allow same sex couples the freedom to get married, while other states are still resisting for one reason or another. As with everything else there is more than one side, more than one argument supporting and more than one argument resisting the changes being proposed. There are religious reasons, moral reasons, constitutional reasons and financial reasons being used by bothRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesEqual marriage has always been a contentious issue in society. The legalisation of same sex marriage in New Zealand in August 2013 via the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act has been a source of pride for those in some parts of our society and a source of horror for those in other parts. This issue split the country, and those in power, right down the middle, with some people taking sides that didn’t necessarily align with what would be expected of their political leanings. The issueRead MoreMarriage, Family, And Religion1687 Words   |  7 Pages Marriage, Family, and Religion Omar De La Garza Texas AM International University Abstract The institutions of marriage and family are fundamental concepts to the functioning of our present day society. In this paper, marriage and family and their changes over time will be discussed. Topics such as religion, which plays an important role is the development and changes of ideas regarding these two topics will be approached as well as the social changes due to tradition and theRead MoreLegalizing Same-Sex Marriage1119 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Marriage plays a fundamental role in civil society because it is characterized by sexual complementarity, monogamy, exclusive, and permanence† (Anderson). Legalizing same-sex marriage would affect every aspect ethically and morally, resulting in an unacceptable outcome. Therefore same-sex marriage should not be considered respectable and adequate in any lifestyle. Same-sex marriage is the union between partners of the same sex, whether it is a male and a male or a female and another female. TraditionalRead Moreshould same sex marriage be legalized in hk?1052 Words   |  5 Pages THESIS STATMENT: SAME SEX MARRIAGE SHOULD NOT BE LEGALIZED IN HONG KONG In 2013, there are 0.7 percent of all population in the world is homosexuality. ( Posner, 2013 ). There also are many protest demonstration to raise public awareness about against discrimination in homosexuality or fight for legal homosexual marriage. Getting raised, the homosexual marriage is a controversial topic to the society. The essay argues that homosexual marriage is not legal in traditional culture and economicRead Moreâ€Å"Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized† Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesID Number: 2009-5699 Teacher: Emilia Gracia Final Draft: Essay 3. â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized†. July 18th 2012. Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized. As we know, same-sex marriage has been discussed and argued for a long time. Within the controversial topic of gay rights, there’s no area more controversial than same-sex marriage. And all of us ask ourselves if same-sex marriage should be legal or not. But the fact is that we have to start thinking about it asRead MoreSexuality As A Social Experience1249 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Sexuality, it refers to â€Å"aspects of the body and desire that are linked to the erotic.† (Macionis and Plummer, 2012) For many societies, sex or sexuality has long been seen as a taboo. They think that talking or discussing sexuality is an ignominious thing. Under this atmosphere, the societies will recognize sexuality as a private matter, which cannot openly discuss and even mention in the public area. However, is sexuality as a â€Å"real† private matter?    Many people think that sexualityRead MoreEssay about Gay Marriage Does NOT Destroy Traditional Marriage1703 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Marriage is defined as the legal union of a man and a woman. According to Psychology Today, marriage is the process by which two people who love each other make their relationship public, official, and permanent. While given the definition of marriage and most of society making same sex marriage nearly impossible; Psychology Today recognizes that â€Å"any† two people who love each other can come together and be united. In 1970, in Minnesota, the first gay couple to apply for a marriageRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should NOT Be Allowed Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage is legally defined as, a contract made in due form of law, by which a free man and a free woman reciprocally engage to live with each other during their joint lives, in the union which ought to exist between husband and wife. Many liberals argue that gay marr iage should be legal in the United States. In the following essay I will attempt to argue why marriage between the same sexes is immoral and unjust. The first point I will talk about is how marriage is a traditional bond betweenRead MoreAnalysis of Koppelmans Arguement in Support of Same Sex Marriage948 Words   |  4 Pagesfew decades, the question of allowing for same-sex marriage is a recurring topic of controversy. In the houses of same-sex couples, the need for equal rights is of great importance. Currently, many states ban the marriage of same-sex couples and do not view a marriage between same-sex couples as an official marriage. These states quote the Constitutional definition of marriage as a union between a man and a woman. Therefore, with this definition, the marriage of a man and a man or a woman and a woman

Piano Industry, Prp Free Essays

Porter Five Forces: The piano industry. Threat of substitute products or services: LOW A portable keyboard can be regarded as a substitute but those interested in buying a piano are interested in superior sound, better performance, good looks and elegance. The keyboard has none of these. We will write a custom essay sample on Piano Industry, Prp or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is complicated to sell a piano and move it in order to put a keyboard. Threat of new competition: MEDIUM-LOW The capital investment in a piano factory is very high. The market already is filled with competitors that dominate the global market. Brand recognition is also a hard asset to aquire in the piano industry. Pianos are a luxury product that could make an entrant suffer a lot in the even of an economic downturn. Other local Chinese piano manufacturers could potentially become significant competition. Bargaining power of customers: HIGH A piano is a high end product with many different brand offerings. Customers have a large bargaining power driving the margins down. PRP has made this clear by driving prices down by offering a good product at a better price. Bargaining power of suppliers: LOW The suppliers hold no proprietary materials that the piano makers require. Most of the materials are commodity products such as wood and those that are more developed like keys are becoming easier to manufacture in house due to the drop in ease and cost of the machinery required to do so. Intensity of competitive rivalry: HIGH The entrance of companies such as PRP is evidence of the incredibly competitive market the piano industry is. New drastic tactics and strategies like sponsored players that can only use their products in their performances or manufacturing outside their usual territories into asian sites also shows the competitive nature of the business. How to cite Piano Industry, Prp, Papers

2009 Sayanoâ€Shushenskaya power station accident case study free essay sample

1.Introduction 1.1.Brief Dam Description Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station was biggest hydroelectric power station ever built in Russia history, and also the sixth biggest in the worth, which is located on the Yenisei River, near Sayanogorsk in Khakassia.[3]The plant operated ten hydro turbines, made total 6,400 MW of output, average annual produced 23.5 TWH,which peaked in 2006 at 26.8TWH. Its arch gravity dam is 246 meters high ,1,066 meters long, and 110 meters of base width. [10]In addition, it was built strong enough to withstand earthquakes of up to 8 on Richter scale. 1.2.Regional Powerhouse Background[3] RusHydro Public Corp, owner of the dam, is the leading power company in Russia as private sector, although most of its shares owned by Russian government. It was first established in December 2004 and become second-largest hydroelectric power company in the world. The energy generated by SSH was about 25% of RusHydro energy production for Russia and Siberia. On top of that,70% of Rushydro energy contribute to aluminum production of the world through United company Rusal’s aluminum smelters. We will write a custom essay sample on 2009 Sayano–Shushenskaya power station accident case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1.3.Follow The Timeline[3] Accident of august 17 wasn’t first big accident at SSH.From 1978 to 1987,all 10 units of turbine were placed into operation in turn. [10]In March 1979,with Unit 1 and Unit 2 already in operation, a large spring flood overfilled the reservoir and rushed over the running generators and transformers. After 4 months damages were recovered and the units were restarted. There were also two more spring flood attacks in 1985 and 1988 respectively. 2 2.Throughout The Disaster[1] 2.1.Power Plant Operation Before Disaster[3] August 16,2009. As usual generating schedule practices, all possible units at SSH were online and providing the grid with baseload and regulating power, including Unit 2. Meanwhile, Bratsk hydro plant ,which is located 500 miles to the northeast was operating in regulating mode under the control of automactic load-frequency control system(ALFCS), which is overseen by Siberian Unified Dispatching Control Center(UDCC). At 8:31pm,fire alarm tripped at Bratsk plant. Fire compromised communication lines connecting Bratsk and Siberian UDCC and disabled regulating mode.UDCC ordered SSH to replace Bratsk in providing load frequency regulation. SSH staff executed order and put most SSH units under direct control of ALFCS at Siberian UDCC. At 11:14pm UDCC decided to start unit 2 which was originally in reserve state to provide power regulating services. 2.2.The Beginning Of Disaster[3] On August 17 2009,Units 1,2,4,5,7,and 9 were in regulation mode with Units 3,8,and 10 generating baseload power while Unit 6 was undergoing maintenance and not in operation. Normally 12 operators only staffed the turbine gallery, but this day more than 100 workers present performing repair work. All SSH units were operating with a power setting out of recommended zone as per their turbines specifications, producing excessive vibration. Unit 2 as result of pushed back into service made extraordinarily high level of vibration as well as dangerous level. The technician in shift could feel the vibration of roof, as it grew louder and turned into thunderous roar, who scrambled off the roof immediately. [4]At 8:13am, two massive explosion taken place consecutively and room went black out, according to security guard Aleksandr Kataytsev who was one level below turbine hall. 2.3.During The Disaster First, the 1860 tons turbine cover was blown off, leaving the Unit 2 turbine in its pit with its wicket gate and head gate opened. At 212 m water head pressure from the dam ejected turbine rotor from the pit as it was continuing to spin and flew across the gallery, further destroyed the surroundings. [4]The penstock water geysered out of vacant shaft at a rate of 67600 gallons per second acted as massive industrial waterjet cut through metal joists ,thus collapsed the roof. The water flood pits of nearby units causing further turbine failures. Electrical short circuits forced all units to emergency shut down along with in house power supply system. Due to power failure ,plant’s automatic safety system failed to shut down Units 7 and 9, for which still operated at full speed ,in excess of 142rpm, triggering the crackling short circuits and explosion in their vicinity. Related scene had been captured into cell phone camera video. 3 2.4.People On The Scene Water was washing away people form turbine gallery into the Yenisei river. Some of them were later caught and rescued, but unfortunately some were not. [3]The staff later learned that proper emergency exits didn’t exist. Water continued to pour into the hall, flooding lower levels and eventually submerged other Units. As the water lever rose, employees stampeded toward the main entrance. Fearing a total collapse of the dam ,many phoned relatives downstream and urged them to seek shelters. [4]Even among the fleeing workers were supervisors in charge of safety and emergencies, which added to the confusion and chaos. Others led employees to safety using cell phones as flashlights. Except for Unit 5 gate, the remaining 8 units ‘s wicket and head gates could not be closed remotely. SSH chief engineer later ordered to close all head gates manually. At 9:30 a.m, five men struggled to work in the dark with flashlight, managed to seal all the gates successfully. The work had been toughened where no keys available for head gates control room, so metal doors had to be smashed. 2.5.After The Disaster Within first hours after accident, the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense directed rescuers from across the country to SSH for finding and rescuing survivors.Withing 24 hours, more than 1500 rescue workers arrived and began working. Fourteen survivors were rescued the operation. Rescue teams also used special chemical by helicopters to congeal industrial oil spread to the river, and removed them from water afterwards. Environmental damage caused by these oil spills was minimized. 4 3.Root Cause Investigation 3.1.Unit 2 Turbine Defects After accident, Russia’s Federal Service for Ecological,Technologica, and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor) launched an investigation. [2]Official report was released on Oct.3. According to the report, Unit 2 started having problems shortly after its installation due to defects in its seals and shaft vibrations. The cavities and crack on the turbine wheel were completely reconditioned in 2000. [5]Nevertheless, it continued to have problems and underwent further repairs in 2005 and 2009. [4]From January to March 2009, repairs were conducted and new automatic control system was installed as well. On March 16, the repaired turbine resumed operation but didn’t work right. The amplitude of the machine’s vibrations increased to an unsafe level between April and July. The unit was taken offline until Aug 16 when it was pushed into service again by managers of SSH. Manufacturer of turbine, St.Petersburg metalworks gave the units a 30 years service life. Unit 2 ‘s age on day of disaster was 29 years and 10 month, which almost end its lifespan. 3.2.Unit 2 Anchoring System Failure[3] Back in operation before the time of accident, log data showed that Unit 2 turbine bearing vibration increased by factor of four within this period. It had been operating for a long period of time with the vibration level far exceeded the maximum acceptable vibration level. Visible cracks showing the propagation of fatigue cracks in attachments points of Unit 2 cover were plainly visible. After all, equipment fatigue, especially in turbine anchor bolts had been formed by excessive vibration from turbine cycling and imbalance over an extended period of time, and lead to catastrophe. 3.3.Poor Management System[6] 3.3.1.Management Team Wrong Judgement Beside technical flaw, management also held responsibility on disaster .Report issued from Russian Federal Service on October 3, 2009 blamed six official who were â€Å"conductive to the disaster†, including Anatoly Chubais, former CEO of Unified Energy Systems(UES).According to his statement posted on his website, he went on to say that the plant had been running for more than 20 years when he signed the papers and he was under pressure to make those decisions in 2000 because shutting down equipment while waiting for maintenance funding would have â€Å"meant a catastrophe for the economy of Siberia and millions of residents there.† 5 3.3.2.Negligence Ignoring to Potential Risk From July 2008 until the accident, RusHydro was managed by Vasily Zubakin, who was included in the â€Å"List of persons bearing responsibility for accident disaster prevention on Sayano-Shushenskaya† along with 18 other RusHydro executives. They were blamed for made decisions affecting the stability and security of the plant’s operation ,since the accident that were in the making for a long time, was not first time accident ever occurred in SSH. Yet the management didn’t take appropriate action on precaution measure. [3]For example, after repeatedly annual spring floods attack on 1979,1985 and 1998 ,there was a report issued by Russian Emergency Situations Ministry showed that dam walls may not be capable of withstanding pressures result from annual spring floods, yet no significant flood control structures to be constructed upstream to blunt the force of those floods. 3.3.3.No Disaster Drill or Proper Training for St aff As mentioned above, when disaster happened there was a commotion in among the employees. Most workers were fleeing included the supervisors in charge of safety and emergencies, which added to the confusion. On the fourth floor, shell-shocked midlevel operators telephoned up the chain of command for a contingency plan. All these situations proved that there wasn’t any training or drill had been held before to further staff ‘s knowledge in terms of emergency handling and safety. 3.4. Design Error of Power Plant As water level rose in turbine gallery ,employees found nowhere to escape but have to rush to main entrance. There were no any emergency exits equipped in turbine gallery. As a result, some were washed away to the river. An order to close all head gates manually by chief engineer were executed by five men. The dangerous task had been delayed and complicated due to no keys available for the room where head gate were located and need to smash the metal doors. 3.5.Financial Problems Due to budget constraints ,maintenance works couldn’t be carried out and obsolete equipment wasn’t be replaced. For examples, generators breakers were obsolete and not reliable, cracked turbine blades were not repaired or replaced. Unit 2 at the end of useful life was pushed into service again instead of replacement . Insufficient funds made it impossible to have equipment shut down while waiting for maintenance funding, which contributed to management difficulties in making decisions during emergency high demand of power. For the same reason, cost-cutting on safety had been implemented to offset budget deficit. 6 4.The Consequences[8] 4.1.The Dead and Injured According to official report, the accident led to numerous fatalities ( 75 dead, 13 injured).At the time of the accident in the territory of the SSH there were about 300 people, including repair and hired staff, most of them were workers who were working either on turbine gallery or in the flooded rooms. 4.2.Environmental Impact[8] A day after the accident, the Natural Resources Ministry of Russia claimed that an industrial oil spillage caused by disaster had spread over 80 km along the Yenisei River. The oil, used as an insulator and coolant in the plant’s transformers was released when one of the transformers exploded. According to Mikhail Kreyndlin, project director at Greenpeace Russia, told Ria Novosti that the transformer oil is low-density distillate which doesn’t sink to the bottom of river but remain as the film on surface, posing severe threat to fish by suffocations. As the matter of fact, more than 100 metric tons of oil were released and killed 400 tons of fish in downstream trout farm. It had made one of the biggest environmental scandal in the news. 4.3.Damages Cost[8] [9] [10] 4.3.1.Equipments damage cost All of the technological systems were flooded and damaged to different degrees. Cable tunnels and galleries of the tailrace in the area of generators 2, 7 ,and 9 collapsed, along with short circuit, air oil tanks displaced, and other materials. The surge of water caused electric and mechanical damage of different extents to all ten units. As per official report, materials ,spare parts and equipment cost 42.76 million rubles, transport services (including flights) was 44.68 million rubles, the collection of oily waste was 70.1 million rubles. Reconstruction of SSH plant with ten new units was expected to take about 4 years and cost about 37 billion rubles. 4.3.2.Economic damage [2] [8] The disaster had also made great impact on economic ,like contingency business interruption losses for aluminum smelters, which raised the international aluminum supply availability issue. There were approximately 500,000 tons of aluminum output losses due to the power shortage. On top of that, shut down of power plant will push up market prices in Siberia’s grid. 7 In term of energy losses,10% of Russia electricity had gone. Nedootpusk electricity for 2009 had been reduced by 8897.99 million kw.hour and Nedovyrabotka was 8950 million kw.hour. Electricity prices increased after the disaster. On top of that, trading suspended for 2 days at the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange. Compensation of 1 million rubles paid to each victim’s family and 100,000 rubles to each survivor. The community where most of the workers were housed was flooded and destroyed and being rebuilt. 5.Improvements and Prevention It’s been over a year since the terrible accident at Russia’s SSH. Based on root cause of the accident ,we can take precautionary measure and do improvement to avoid similar thing happen again in future. 5.1.Emphasize Security Sense 5.1.1.Employees Before accident, most employees showed lack of recognition of hazard, such as ignoring the aging equipment and reluctant to complain or bring up concerns .This phenomenon actually can be overcome by providing training and implementing â€Å"reward system†. Through the training , criteria can be set to let employees know when it has crossed the â€Å" need repair â€Å" stage vs â€Å"need shutdown† mode. Beside enhance their knowledge on daily use equipments , importance of safety also can be emphasized. For example, operation drill can be carried out from time to time to have them learn what actions need to be taken and what are the impacts if equipment failed. Reward system is like a campaign which encourage employees to take part in maintaining safety. For example, some riddles or mini games with appropriate prizes will do .Reward also given to them who dares to voice out their finding on safety issues, which proved to be helpful. 5.1.2.Management One of the management mistake found in disaster was the culture that places more value on the economics of power production than on human and plant equipment safety. This should be changed right from top of management to the bottom, start from mindset of directors to the implementation of policy than execution of standard operation procedures. As example, if a director prioritized safety , he will give order to subordinate officers to propose a plan which is safety related, and executed by the rest and so on. Therefore the appointment of top management such as CEO or General manager become very important issue which can’t be underestimated. 8 5.2.Equipment Improvement The plant must also install modern real-time vibration monitoring systems on each unit and have unambiguous rules for their use that do not depend on operator interaction to shut down a malfunctioning unit. Normal and emergency electric supply systems must be separated at all levels to the extent of cable routing. Critical parts list must be updated from time to time. Conclusion Similar accident is likely to occur again in future, at somewhere people putting economic concerns before human life safety factors. If it is not safe, if there is potential risk of failure, all other benefits , be they economic or environmental or anything else will be gone. As a well trained and vigilant organization which can handle any crisis or disaster in a better way, it must have disaster management plan .Regular drills and training programs ,regular preventive maintenance checks, a list of do’s and don’ts during emergency to be displayed at key locations and etc must be included in plan. A questioning and learning attitude is essential to continue improving the high level of safety standards and their effective implementation. 9 References 1. Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station Accident .Available from :http://engineeringfailures.org/?p=703#sthash.DfjpOMJd.dpuf (March 17,2012) 2. (Official Report)The Act of technical investigation into the causes of accidentat the Sayano-Shushenskaya HYDROELECTRIC STATION. Available from: http://engineeringfailures.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Sayano-Shushenskaya-Hydroelectric-Station-Accident-Report.pdf (August 17, 2009) 3. Investigating the Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydro Power Plant Disaster. Available from:http://www.powermag.com/investigating-the-sayano-shushenskaya-hydro-power-plant-disaster/?pagenum=1 (January 12,2010)

Ill do one later Essays - Holocene, Nomads, Archaeological Theory

Ill do one later Early Humans in Transition People's progression toward farming and domestication had its beginnings prior to the Neolithic Age. The rise of agrarian societies is traced back to the end of the ice age in the Mesolithic Age. Archaeologists have identified the Mesolithic Age as the middle period in the development of technology between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods of the Stone Age. The thawing of Northern Europe resulted in a warmer, rainier, ice-free condition. This changed the environment as forests, meadowlands, and small animal populations flourished. The increase in natural resources was so great that some of the Mesolithic people stayed in one place all or part of the year to hunt and forage. Some local societies became sedentary and established villages and hamlets instead of following their nomadic ways. The best example of this process occurred in the region of the Fertile Crescent, an area of Southwest Asia with plentiful water. Groups in this region began to form tiny settlements for collecting stands of wild grain and other edible animals and plants. This sedentary lifestyle proved to be a turning point in human development. So, why did humans want to change from their hunting lifestyle?There are two viewpoints that attempt to answer this question. First, some believe that farming was a slow, fragmented process. Farming was taking place at different times in different parts of the world. The process was not necessarily brought about because humans were inventing agriculture; rather, it was the gradual result of people's decisions regarding the production of food. Many continued to live for thousands of years entirely as hunter-gatherers or combined growing crops with gathering and hunting. The second view is that agriculture took the world by storm. Farming communities emerged on most major land masses within about eight thousand years. The farming communities began to replace hunter-gathering societies to the point that very few of the latter exist today. Did you know? Among the animals that were originally wild and were later domesticated are dogs, horses, cows, chickens, llamas, and camels. Either way, the development of food production took place on an unheard-of scale. People began to domesticate both plants and animals, thereby keeping their food sources close at hand. The important domesticated crops included the ancestors of wheat, barley, rye, and several other edible plants. Domestication of animals meant that animals once hunted were instead tamed and bred under human control. This took a long time, as some could be domesticated more easily than others and many not at all. Some animals were changed in ways that made it impossible for them to survive in the wild. Animals such as pigs, cows, and sheep were tamed and enclosed in pens. People now had a steady source of food and other materials. They no longer had to depend on hunting for animal products as in the past, although hunting and fishing continued. Human beings and domesticated plants and animals became dependent on one another. The effect on population growth cannot be underestimated. It is believed the world's population rose from about 6 million to 120 million in just 3,500 years. This development was helped along by a number of factors, including the introduction of new tools and methods learned over time. Another factor in population growth is attributed to the agrarian lifestyle. Once people stayed in one place with an abundance of food, families became larger. What Archaeology Tells Us about Early Agrarian Societies Evidence for the beginnings of agriculture comes primarily from archaeological investigation gathered from sites in South Asia, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. Evaluating evidence of early farming sites involves a wide range of scientific disciplines and methods. This ranges from sophisticated methods of dating organic materials to the analysis of tools, seeds, pollen grains, charred plant fragments, and animal or human remains. Early art and the invention of pottery provide information about ways in which ancient peoples used food and plants. Pictures of various types of plants and animals are depicted in their art. Pottery of stone or baked clay pots was used for the storing, cooking, and transportation of food. Inventions and new tools reveal the changes of humans and their environment. Archaeologists also analyze the soil for evidence of dwellings, fields, or water channels. Evidence

The Vision of the Iranian Females of the Muslim Culture

The Vision of the Iranian Females of the Muslim Culture The interview with the Iranian female can provide the significant information on the Iranian culture, on the particular customs and traditions, and on the woman’s role in the country.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Vision of the Iranian Females of the Muslim Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The answers to the questions on the cultural aspects are helpful to learn specific details about the Iranian culture because they are presented from the perspective of the Muslim woman. Concrete Expressions The dress of Iranian males and females is rather conservative, in spite of the impact of the Western culture. Females still need to have their heads, necks, and arms covered, and males are not expected to come into public in short pants or T- shirts. However, modern Iranian women can wear head scarves and long coats with jeans. The Iranian architecture is characterised by the focus on traditionalism and Wes tern patterns. There are many buildings with mosaics, decorative elements, arches, and columns situated near the contemporary buildings made of steel and glass. The city centre traditionally has the functions of the Eastern bazaar. The functions of the public space differ significantly from the functions of the private space. Modern Iranian women need to struggle for their right to be actively represented in the public space and activities. Those women and men who do not belong to one family cannot interact or hold hands. Recognized Behaviours Only men have the right to greet each other openly, in public. Their physical contacts while greeting are also expected to represent their respect. The members of different families and of opposite gender cannot interact, especially with the focus on the Western tradition of shaking hands. Modern Iranian families can be discussed as Westernized in relation to the family traditions. However, the main attention is still paid to marriage traditio ns.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future spouses are expected to develop a formal contract before the marriage because of the necessity to state all the details regarding the household and property. Divorces are not frequent, and they are especially traumatic for the Iranian females who traditionally belong to the males’ households. Explicit Beliefs Gender roles are the matter for discussion in the Iranian culture because modern views differ significantly from the traditions. Modern Iranian women need to prove their right for good education and job positions because their roles are mainly discussed with references to the family. Today, more and more women become represented in different public activities and as supporters of women rights movements. Iranians pay much attention to dividing the public and private life. In public, the leading roles are play ed by men, and in the private settings, the leading roles are often played by women, although they need to follow their husbands’ opinions. Deeply Embedded Beliefs Iranians prefer to have close contacts with relatives, friends, and the persons they respect. If a man from the Western world is respected by the Iranian, he will be polite and sensitive while interacting with this person. Changes are not perceived as good in the Iranian culture that is based on customs and traditions. Therefore, changes are often discussed as predicting negative consequences because the traditional rule is often perceived as almost ideal. The number of children and their successes are traditionally considered as the criteria for the individual success for both Iranian males and females.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Vision of the Iranian Females of the Muslim Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The relationship between humans and nature is close because the changes in the nature influence the life of the Iranians significantly. They respect the nature in form of flowers and animals and prefer the representations of the natural objects on decorative elements in their houses. The information about new things often comes from the advice of elderly or respected persons. Furthermore, families prefer to contact closely and share all the views regarding new products, services, observed situations, or learnt facts.

Organizations growth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizations growth - Research Paper Example If the firm can maintain an adequate level of cash and other resources, it can swiftly move to acquire undervalued firms to actually create an opportunity to deliver more value to the shareholders of the firm. (Damoiseau, Black, & Raggio, 2011) In order to expand globally, firms therefore have to manage whether they want to grow organically or through expansion. In either way firm has to manage certain issues which will be discussed below in order to be successful at global level. Cultural Profile Culture plays important role in the overall success of the organization at the local as well as the international level. The management of change within an organization clearly demonstrated the need for having a clear analysis of how the culture of the organization will be changed and reshaped in a manner which is more suitable for the firm. In order to successfully operate in countries like India, it is therefore important that the cultural assessment must be done. The overall cultural pro file of India would suggest that India is a developing country with established historical and cultural roots. The same has been transferred into the management style of the firms operating in the environment too. Over the period of time, India however, is making a transition towards a global corporate culture which is required for fostering of the global management culture within the organization. India is a country which is dominated by masculine culture which is based upon traditions and family businesses. The Tata Group started as a family business and is still is a family business despite the fact that it is now an international conglomerated. Indian culture therefore is focused upon family businesses where bosses and managers are considered like father figures. Communication Issues Another important role of the leader in managing change is to communicate across a shared vision for the change and the future of the firm. Providing a clear and vivid communication across the whole firm therefore makes it clear for each one of the employee and other stakeholders to basically know what their roles and responsibilities are and what the firm actually expects from them. Such an approach therefore ensures that the leaders inculcate the vision across the whole organization through effective communication across all the channels. One of the ways through which leaders manage change is to ensure the stability during the change process as change is not being viewed by every person in same manner. Like Tata Group which remained an organization where culture was not so conducive and employees worked as if they were working in a public sector organization. In such situation, the productivity was relatively low and as such complacency developed across all the companies working under the banner of Tata Group. As a leader, Ratan Tata therefore has to ensure that the painful transition of the organization takes place as quickly as possible in order to take advantage of the re lative opening of Indian economy to the international world. One of the key requirements therefore first is to initiate that change required to make the firm to advance and meet the future requirements of the market. (Ahn, Adamson, & Dornbusch, 2004). This was only achieved through effective communication because change at the global level requires effective communication of the changes. Communication within a particular cultural group can however, become

French Revolution And Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

French Revolution And Women - Essay Example Previously, the Constitution safeguarded the interest of man and never made mention of men implying that their rights were inconsiderate. Men, therefore, showed no regard for the rights of women and most of them treated women as domestic animals. However, this began to change as women started pushing for equal consideration. They drafted a declaration of the rights of woman and the female citizen, which included the rights and freedoms of the girl child. In this document, women pushed for a number of considerations key among which was equality.In the quest for equality, women did not just consider equality among one another but also equality with men and therefore deserving of freedom just as those bestowed on man. Through this, women sought to break the subordinating hold that men had on them over the years. More importantly, women voiced the need for representation in positions of authority such as the national assembly. This was the only sure way of safeguarding their rights and t his implied that women would eventually join active politics as some had previously desired. Women paid taxes just as men did if not more owing to the fact that most of them worked more in the fields. The French revolution exposed the administrative lapses in the regimes of the time; women, therefore, demanded accountability from any other government just as the men did. This would give women financial authority just as it did men thereby epitomizing equality in the French society and later assumed by countries in Europe.

Sustainable Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable Project Management - Essay Example ng the social, environmental, and economical interests in project management life cycle to attain a bearable, sustainable and equitable environment (Kohler & et.al., 2012). In other words, it bonds the people, planet, and profits realized in a construction project. This paper discusses sustainable project management under four concepts; project quality, economic studies (risks and benefits), construction waste management, and build operation and maintenance. Rose (2005) defines quality as the total characteristics of a product that satisfies the implied needs. A construction project has an anticipated project deliverables. Therefore, project quality management is a process that ensures that the delivered project meets the value for money to the client. The details of the scope of works and contract specification document determine the expected and the level of quality. Project quality management should be compatible with ISO 9000 and ISO 1000 quality standards as well as the guidelines. Project quality also focuses on management of the project and the delivered. Project appraisal is a forecasting technique rather than a formulation one. Despite this, there is no forecast without problems (risks). Uncertainties in certain scenarios can be transformed to risks. Therefore the risks are subjected to empirical measurement, analyzed and managed. Risk assessment is a study of existing probabilities that the project will attain a satisfactory performance. The following are the recommended steps for assessing project risks; Cost-benefit analysis is the commonly used appraisal technique for evaluating construction projects. It is required by the client to ascertain the value for money for the delivered project. A sustained project is thus that which he benefits outweigh costs. Cost-benefit analysis is a process that determines the pros and cons on the project life cycle. It is concerned with the benefits from quality management versus the costs of quality management

Sexual Sadism And Sex Offenders Psychology Essay

Sexual Sadism And Sex Offenders Psychology Essay Sexual Sadism is a type of paraphilia that may involve making a person suffer in some way that may or may not lead to death. It varies from extreme forms of torture to mild. It can be with a consensual partner who is a masochist and also the injuring of a non consensual person. Sexual sadists usually have mental disorders such as psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder which can explain their level of violence and their lack of empathy for their victims. Many sex offenders are diagnosed with Paraphilias and sexual disorders. Paraphilias are recurrent intense sexual arousing fantasies or urges involving nonhuman objects, suffering, humiliation of oneself or ones partner, children or non consenting persons (APA, 1994). For some people these fantasies are necessary to achieve erotic arousal whereas for others they are episodic and the individual can be stimulated otherwise. This type of behavior, urges and fantasies can cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning. It has to last over a period of at least six months (APA, 1994) .One of the most dangerous paraphilias is sexual sadism, which involves violence that may lead to death in which the offender gets sexual pleasure by inflicting pain on the victim. According to the DSM IV, sexual sadism is the act of humiliating, binding, beating, or making another person suffer in some way were sexual excitement is the result of control over the victim. It typically develops in adolescence with interests coming from masochistic masturbatory practices. Autoerotic asphyxia is a practice that constricts the oxygen during masturbation, accomplished with the use of a strangulation device. The purpose is to create a higher level of sexual excitement through the restriction of oxygen in the brain (Terry, 2006). The restriction of oxygen itself its not whats sexual exciting but its the combination of the behavior, lack of oxygen, danger and the fantasy. Sexual sadists are aroused by the torture and pain of the victim which can lead to death, but there offenders do not derive satisfaction from the murder itself. They are likely to mutilate and torture their victims becoming more aroused as there is an increase in the level of agony. Sexual sadism is usually not consensual and involves injury or death to the victim. The element of fear in the victim and complete control of the victim is the major stimuli in sexual sadism. Such as severe beating, torture, burning, cutting, rape and murder. Sexual offenders who are potentially most likely to meet the criteria of sexual sadism are typically those who sexually assault or who molest children. Some of the characteristics for sexual offenders are usually, schizoid, psychopath, antisocial, narcissist, lack or social skills and relationships. Sadists have been found to exhibit a large number of other paraphilias including transvestic fetishism, masochism, voyeurism, and exhibitionism. Some have alcohol and drug abuse, obsession traits, collects pornography, a history of impaired social relationships, physical and sexual abuse in childhood and extensive fantasy lives incorporating detailed sadistic fantasies (Kirch). Sex offenders who are sadistic usually lack empathy and emotion which might be a reason why they commit the most violence to their victims because they detach themselves. Deficits in empathy facilitate offending behavior, suggesting that offenders lack of awareness or sensitivity to other peoples feelings may impair their ability to appreciate the effects of their behavior on others (Kirsch). Emotions such as anger and shame are believed to fuel aggressive and retributive fantasies, and these fantasies are maintained and enhanced through the process of positive and negative emotional reinforcement. Feelings of inferiority are believed to be reduced during fantasy, while feelings of control, power, and dominance are enhanced. Sexual sadism may begin with fantasies and in some cases these may never be acted upon or be acted out in the more mild forms of consensual relationships. Sadistic fantasies and behaviors can include dominance, humiliation, bondage, biting, burning, whipping, penetration with foreign objects, strangulation, and mutilation of the body (Kirsch) Sadistic sexual fantasies are noted in certain adolescents. In some of these the fantasies serves rehearsal for future sadistic sexual acts, especially in adolescents with callous-unemotional personality who often emerge in adult life as psychopaths(Stone, 2010) . There is a difference in practicing sadism with a consenting partner and non consenting partner. In non-consensual cases, the behavior usually continues and often escalates over time as the perpetrator experiences a need for increased violence in order to stimulate the sexual response. The level of sadism varies from being in control, dominant and submissive in which the offender does this to a masochist person to injuring a non consensual partner. Sexual sadism is found predominately in males and usually onsets with puberty although sadistic behavior may be evident earlier in children. In all male cases, it becomes evident by early adulthood. In cases of female sexual sadism, onset is often later and often triggered by relationships with men who want to be d ominated. Kraft-Ebbing suggested that mastering and possessing an absolutely defenceless human object is part of sadism. He sub- classified sexual sadism into several categories including lust murder where there was a connection between sexual arousal and killing which may extend to cannibalism. These men are thought to rarely derive sexual satisfaction from the assault or murder and this distinguishes them from lust murderers for whom aggression and sexuality become fused into a single psychological experience sadism in which aggression is eroticized (Myers, W.C., Burgess, A.W., Burgess, A.G. and Douglas, J.E., 1999. Serial murder and sexual homicide. In: Van Hasselt, V. and Hersen, M., Editors, 1999. Handbook of psychological approaches with violent offenders, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 153-172.Marshall,2003)Then theres the offender who mutilates the corpses, those who like to injure females, defilement of women, symbolic sadism, ideal sadism or sadistic fantasies alone without acts, sadism with other objects and sadistic acts with animals. MaccCulloch argues that the wish to control that is the primary motivating force in sadism, and because there is a range of degrees and kinds of control which can be applied by one person to another, sadism may manifest itself in a variety of ways. Normal sexual relationships include elements of dominance and submission, and hence control: indeed, modern manuals of sexual behavior often include bondage games as part of a suggested repertoire of sexual activity He defines sadism as the repeated practice of behavior and fantasy which is characterized by a wish to control another person by domination, denigration or inflicting pain, for the purpose of producing mental pleasure and sexual arousal whether or not accompanied by orgasm in the sadist. The range of controlling behavior under consideration forms a continuum from subtle verbal control through various types of psychological control to actual physical intervention such as bondage, imprisonment, hypnosis, anesthesia and even blows to render the victim unconscious or dead. As sadistic behavior gives pleasure to the sadist, and self-pleasuring behavior almost always has to be contrived, it would be expected that sadists devise situations which enable them to practice their sadism. If a central feature of sadism is control, then sadists would be expected to seek out actively and create situations where they have control. The concept that assailants stage-manage their control over others in order to give themselves pleasure provides a new frame of reference (Kuhne, 1962) Among sexual sadists ritualistic behaviors are one of the defining features. Not all the men violate the letter of the law, however much they may violate the spirit of the law. Some seek, and manage to achieve, attachment to willing partners (Stone, 2010). Researchers Janet Warren and Roy Hazelwood interviewed female partners of sexual sadists. Seven of the 20 sexual sadists with whom these women had affiliated had also murdered some of their victims .The relationships with these women were consensual, at least in the early phases; women had histories of having gone through physical abuse from a parent, or nine of the women were victims of incest by a father, brother, or even a female relative. These experiences these women experienced at an early age from their care takers allowed them to somehow expect, tolerate, and in some instances, even desire sadistic treatment at the hands of their sexual partners. The sexual sadists themselves initiated their partners into sadistic practices through a series of stages. In the candy and flowers stage, the man would win a woman with gifts, be a gentle man and be tender towards her, but then progress to a stage in which he expanded her sexual repertoire well beyond, and alien to, her prior experience. This might take such forms as forced anal sex, bondage, urinating on the woman, measured choking with release before unconsciousness occurred, etc. The mans quest for domination and total control might proceed to cutting the woman off from relatives and friends, such that she were now his sexual slave. If she were lucky, the pattern would progress no further. But in some cases, the drama would end in her death. Those sexual sadists who maintained ongoing relationships with a wife or girlfriend might lead a kind of double life, in which they exacted pain and suffering of a controlled sort with their partners, but also had a secret life in which they trolled for other women whom they tortured and murdered. In a number of examp les, the female partners were forced into becoming the inadvertent accomplices of sexually sadistic torture murder of other women. Some of these women, having been compliant in the beginning, desperately wanted out of the relationship toward the end but they were routinely threatened with torture and death themselves if they dared to exercise that option. Robert Anderson is an example of a sexual sadist who abducted Piper Streyle and ended up killing her. Her husband Vance Streyle remembered him coming to their trailer days before his wifes abduction to inquire about enrolling his kids into bible camp for the children. Several witnesses had seen Robert parked around the Streyles trailer in his black truck. When interviewed by the investigators he denied knowing anything about Pipers abduction or her whereabouts. It wasnt until the investigators got a search warrant to search his car and home. When investigators searched his car they found a wooden platform that had holes drilled into it. It was believed that it was made as a restraining device in which a persons ankles and hands could be tied to metal hoops that were strategically inserted into the board. The investigative team also found hairs attached to the wooden platform, which genetically matched pipers. More gruesome physical evidence was discovered around the river, which included several lengths of rope and chains, eyebolts, a vibrator and a half burned candle. It was believed that these items were used to torture Piper. According to investigators Hazelwood and Michaud, there was sufficient proof that Anderson was a sexual sadist who was excited by the physical and psychological suffering and helplessness of his victim. Their opinion was based on four factors one of them being that Anderson displayed an obvious interest in sexual bondage, a hallmark of the sexual sadist, which was represented by the restraints, d ildo, partially burnt candle, eyebolts, handcuff , keys, duct tape and plywood platform. The evidence found by investigators clearly indicated physical torture. It was surmised that after Piper was abducted, Anderson drove her to a wooded area near Baltic. While there he may have bound her to the platform, gagged her with duct tape, sheared her shirt off and then methodically tortured her with the dildo and candle before raping her. It is believed that he then murdered Piper and disposed of her body. Anderson admitted to police and friends that he liked anal sex, a preference his wife did not share. Research conducted by Hazelwood and Michaud found that sexual sadists prefer this form of sex. They believed that the dildo was used by Anderson to act out his fantasy. Conclusion Reference Page Stone ,M.H.(2010). Sexual Sadism: A portrait of Evil. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis Dynamic Psychiatry, Vol 38, 133-157 Kirsch,L.G, Becker,J.V .(2007). Emotional Deficits in psychopathy and sexual sadism: Implications for violent and sadistic behavior. Clinical psychology review. Vol 27, 904-922 Marshall,W.L, Kennedy,P.(2003).Sexual sadism in sexual offenders: An illusive diagnosis. Agression and violent behavior, Vol 8, 1-22 MacCulloch,M.J et al (1983). Sadistic Fantasy, Sadistic Behavior and Offending. Brit . J. Psychiat, 143, 20-29 Rachel,B .(2003) Robert Anderson: Awakening The Devil.Retrieved May 2,2010 from trutv website: http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/robert_anderson/8.html Terry, K.J. (2006) Sexual Offenses and Offenders: Theory, Practice, and Policy. Pgs 84-91

Gothic Art :: essays research papers

Romanesque may first be sensed in new structural developments.. Sophisticated but unsatisfactory attempts to vault the great basilican naves safely, with elements of Roman, Byzantine, or Eastern origin, impelled progressive Romanesque engineers, from about 1090 onward, to invent a new type of ribbed groin-vaulted unit bay, using pointed arches to distribute thrust and improve the shape of the geometric surfaces. Fifty years of experimentation produced vaulting that was light, strong, open, versatile, and applicable everywhere--in short, Gothic vaulting. A whole new aesthetic, with a new decorative system--the Gothic--was being evolved as early as 1145. The spatial forms of the new buildings sometimes caused acoustic difficulties, which may help to account for the concomitant development of the new polyphonic music that supplemented the traditional Romanesque plainsong. Romanesque architecture became old-fashioned, but its heavy forms pleased the Cistercian monks and, likewise, other conservative patrons in Germany, Poland, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Thus, buildings that were essentially Romanesque in spirit continued to be built, even when such extraordinary Gothic works as the Amiens cathedral were under construction (begun 1220). (see also Index: Gothic architecture, music, history of) The development of proto-Romanesque in the Ottonian period culminated in the true Romanesque style represented by five magnificent churches on the international pilgrimage routes leading from central France to the reputed tomb of St. James at Santiago de Compostela in Spain: Saint-Martin at Tours (a huge once wooden-roofed basilica that was rebuilt on the new model beginning about 1050), Sainte-Foy at Conques ( c. 1052-1130), Saint-Martial at Limoges (c. 1062-95), Saint-Sernin at Toulouse (1077 or 1082-1118), and the new cathedral at Santiago de Compostela itself (c. 1075-1211). This was a real family of buildings; each one had a splendid apse with ambulatory (a sheltered place to walk) and radiating chapels, a transept and nave with aisles and galleries, an

Historical Context of Barn Burning

William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† takes a lot of real life cultural values and ways of southern life in the late 1800s. Many of those values and ways are expressed by sharecropping and tenant farming. Sharecropping and tenant farming began during the end of the Civil war all through the great depression. Sharecropping is an agreement between a tenant and a landlord in which a tenant farmer is allowed to work and live on a piece of land for free, but in exchange for living there for free, they give the landlord a share of the crop they grow.Sharecropping was mainly big in the southern states where slavery was once legal. The pay for being a tenant farmer was very low and the living itself was not very desirable. In Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† Abner Snopes is a white tenant farmer. He has this attitude that he should be given everything and should not be working as a sharecropper because he is white. At this time in history, many sharecroppers were f reed slaves. Snopes believed that because he was white, he shouldn’t be a sharecropper. Like many sharecropper at this time, Snopes had plenty debts that needed to paid off.Instead of paying off his debts, Snopes decide to burn down his landowner’s barns. This leads Snopes and his family to move from county to county. This was a very common life for sharecroppers at this time. The life of a sharecropper was full of debts, and trying to make enough money to pay off those debts and make enough money for a living. Upon leaving his sharecropping job, Snopes finds a job at the household of Major De Spain. When they arrive, Snopes dirties a white rug and sneers at the black servant when the servant told him not step on it.Sometime after this, the servant comes to the Snopes’ new home and instructs Abner to clean the rug. During this time, servants and housekeepers were treated with more respect than sharecroppers were. Abner Snopes was appalled by this because he beli eved that because he was a white man, he should have been treated with more respect. De Spain finds out about Snopes’ ruining the rug and charges them one hundred dollars added to their debt, and twenty bushels of corn. These types of arrangements were quite common at this time between sharecroppers and their landlords.The sharecroppers had little to no money, so the landlords would charge them for items, or take an extra percentage of their crops. The setting of this story is very important because it gives you a sense of what life was like back during the late 1800s. â€Å"Barn Burning† takes place in the south after the civil war. After the civil war, the south was in the period of reconstruction. A lot of the south was destroyed from the war, and it affected everyone in the south from their economy, to their personal lives. Many people lived impoverished like the Snopes family.Abner Snopes holds a lot of resentment because he couldn’t be successful in his li fe. Instead of changing his life and working hard, he resents everything and everyone around him. This attitude eventually leads to his downfall. William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† takes a lot of real life situations and puts them into fiction. He is able to put the life around him in to stories of fiction. Works Cited Channel , History . â€Å"Sharecropping & â€Å"Forty Acres and a Mule† — History. com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts. † History. om — History Made Every Day — American & World History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013. . Gardener , Ron . â€Å"New Georgia Encyclopedia: Sharecropping. † New Georgia Encyclopedia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013. . Giessen , James C. . â€Å"New Georgia Encyclopedia: Sharecropping. † New Georgia Encyclopedia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013. .

Effects on Divorce on Children Essay

However some people think that it’s an easy process to get a divorce two separate roperties and signing papers may seem like an easy task some however there are major problems can arise from the divorce like who is going to keep the timeshare in Aspen. But one vital issue arises with the presence of children and how it will affect them in the long run studies suggest that children that go through divorce express signs of distress for example acting out in school. Divorce is Just as hard on the children as it is the adults and if they overlook this their children might be affected for even years to come showing concern for this might prevent this. More than half of all divorces involve children under the age of 18. Divorce does not only affect the husband and wife, but now more than ever their children get mixed up in the, sometimes ugly, process of divorce. A vital question every parent should consider is will divorce have effects on children and is staying together for the sake of their well-being the best resolution, if not what are the ideal approaches to minimize the child’s distress? The overall reason I picked this topic is because after a divorce many young children are confused. They are confused because they are sometimes too young to nderstand what is going on so they tend to scream for help but their parents ignore them. Then they can sometimes start to act out in school and their parents know why they are doing it but cannot help them express their feelings. This topic is sociologically important because young children need help understanding what divorce is and how to cope with it. All of these reason I’ll be sure to make a point of explaining them further and using reliable statistics taken from studies of children of divorce. This question should interest almost everyone that plans of getting married in the future. Divorce clearly isn’t something that couples want or even expect in a marriage but unfortunately such events occur that lead to divorce and it is crucial to know how it may affect children in the long run. David Masci the author of the article â€Å"Does divorce turn children into troubled adults? argues that divorce might turn children into troubled adults, and I agree because he provides viable evidence to support his theory. His argument that is supported by new research showing that almost half of all children in the United States have to deal with their parents dissolution of marriage nd these some of these children show signs of distress in the later year. Mainly likelihood of health, emotional, and behavioral problems, lower a cademic achievement and an increased risk of divorce when they marry. In addition, â€Å"early sex, out-of-wedlock pregnancy, alcohol and drug abuse, delinquency and suicide are more prevalent among adolescents from divorced families than among those from intact families† (Masci) I wholeheartedly endorse what David Masci argues. While many children grow up leading healthy and productive lives after a divorce occurs, they are at greater risk for emotional and physical problems. Some children are more emotionally affected by divorce than others. But some do not experience serious, long-term emotional problems A child’s emotional security also becomes more fragile during this difficult time of divorce. Fears that both parents will abandon the child are common. Depending on the age of the child, some of the ways a child might express this emotional insecurity may be large amounts of anger, directed both toward others and themselves frequent breaking of rules, sleep problems, defying parents or teachers, frequent guilt, increasing isolation or withdrawal from friends and family, drug and/or alcohol buse, early sexual activity, thoughts of suicide or violence. Many children of divorce believe that they caused the divorce or that they did something wrong that made one or both parents not want to be with them. These feelings can cause a child to feel sad, depressed, and angry. These negative emotions can contribute to other problems, such as poor health, difficulty in school, and problems with friends, to name a few. Parents can help their children avoid some of the negative consequences of these emotions by using â€Å"emotion coaching,† a process of helping children be aware of and talk about their emotions. Children who experience the divorce of their parents generally are more likely to struggle socially compared to children from intact families. They are more likely to be aggressive, have poorer relationships with same-age children, and have fewer close friends. Also, these children and teenagers appear to be less involved in extracurricular activities, such as sports or music, and other enrichment programs, such as after-school classes or summer programs. This is likely due to less money to pay for such activities, less availability of parents to drive the child and attend lessons and events, ore frequent moves, and visiting and custody schedules that interrupt participation in team sports and other activities. Children and teenagers who experience the divorce of their parents may end up getting less parental supervision. As a result, some scholars believe that these children may be more susceptible to the influence of their peers and this increases the chances of them getting involved in deviant behavior, including drug and alcohol use and smoking. Generally, research has not found large differences in how boys and girls tend to adjust to divorce. However, it seems that boys, more than girls, tend to be more aggressive toward others and this can lead to their friends and peers rejecting them. Boys may be somewhat more likely to act in defiant ways at home and in school; girls may be somewhat more likely to experience anxiety and depression. A child’s age when his or her parents divorce is another factor that parents worry about. But divorce on children has not shown a consistent pattern. Some studies suggest that romantic relationships in the future of children of divorce can be affected because of their experiences as a young child. In addition, ome scholars believe that children of divorce are less likely to learn crucial social skills in the home, such as cooperation, negotiation, and compromise that are necessary for success in life. Children exposed to high levels of conflict between their parents, both before and after a divorce, may learn to model the poor communication of their parents.

Dirt Music Analysis essays

Dirt Music Analysis essays Writers often use the physical landscape of a text as being an integral part of the emotional landscape of the characters. Discuss how this is done with reference to one novel you have read. The conventional use of setting by writers of prose fiction is a key element which helps to create an environment which reflects the feelings of the characters. As characters experience different emotions the landscape often changes to parallel these feelings and emotions. Tim Winton has certainly used setting to a great extent throughout his novel Dirt Music. Also another author Hungerford has used setting in his short story The Only One Who Forgot. Throughout both the novel Dirt Music and the short story The Only One Who Forgot the landscape has been created to enhance the emotional landscape of the characters within. Even from the opening pages of his novel Tim Winton describes the physical landscape in great detail. Georgie Jutland is alone by herself in the very early hours of the morning pointlessly loitering in cyberspace while her husband and two sons are fast asleep. While Georgie is using her computer the surrounding environment is silent. Georgie is thinking it is nice to be without a body. She then goes on to think the internet was an infinite sequence of opening portals, of menus and painless encounters, where what passed for life was a listless kind of browsing. This scene with Georgie all alone at night eating time by browsing the internet suggests she is unhappy with her current situation. She seems unhappy with her life at the moment and is searching for some meaning. Again some clear evidence suggests the setting in a prose fictional text is an important part of characterization. Hungerford has also used setting to create an environment which mirrors characters emotional feelings. In the short story The Only One Who Forgot ...

The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia Research Paper

The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia - Research Paper Example Bolsheviks, who used their power in the Petrograd Soviets to gain support from the armed forces, successfully propagated the Bolshevik Revolution. Referred to as the Red Guards, Bolsheviks armies, led by the Military Revolutionary Committee took part in the revolution that shaped the course of Russian political arena. The Bolshevik Revolution came at a time when Russia was at the brick of collapsing under its numerous problems occasioned by its leadership (Litvin 2001, 49). Reasons for the Bolsheviks revolution The Revolution emerged, as the people of Russia grew weary of the rule of Czar Nicholas II, who had compelled over ten million Russians to join the First World War The Soviets were disillusioned by the death and suffering they underwent during the war and considered Czar Nicholas II an unworthy leader. In addition, the Soviets were angered by the move by the Russian Provisional Government to launch an offensive against the German and Hungarian armies. The Russian Provisional G overnment emerged after overthrowing the regime led by Czar Nicholas II, the former consisted primarily of bankers, industrialist and lawyers, who had promised to end Russia’s involvement in the World War, a promised they did not fulfill. The people of Russia protested the insurgence against these armies, but the government paid little attention to them. In addition, the Provisional Government officials who continued to amass wealth through corruption and massive taxes imposed on the Russian working class disillusioned the Soviets. The political elite were impervious to the suffering of the common folk in the nation as they continued in the footsteps of Czar Nicholas II. The Bolshevik Party sort to establish a government led by the workers and peasants able to make decisions that favored the Russian proletariat and bring to an immediate end the tyranny witnessed at the hands of the Provisional Government. Demonstrations against the government on the grounds of its support for the war led to crises in the Provisional Government and the emergence of the slogan, â€Å"all power to the soviets.† Another reason for the Bolshevik Revolution was the Provisional Government’s refusal to distribute land to the Russian masses and soldiers, who had requested land ownership over long periods of time. The peasants and workers took part in several revolts against landowners and tried to forcefully acquired their land, but were defeated by the Provisional Government, which also imprisoned the Bolsheviks Party’s leader. This apprehension of the leader resulted in Lenin going into exile for fear of being captured by the government. This served to further ignite the workers’ passion for a change in governance (Service 2005, p. 88). Moreover, we note that life in Russia in 1917 had become intolerable to the peasants and workers; disarray had ensued in sectors such as transportation, political and industrial relations. Massive declines in industr ial production resulted in closure of a majority of businesses in the nation’s industrial centers. Plunging production and closure of enterprises resulted in massive unemployment and loss of

Analyze, Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze, Compare and Contrast - Essay Example When Dexter Filkins Realized what had happened the initial thought she had was that she was in the third world. Dexter Filkins thought that people in the United States would think that it was the end of civilization as the worst has happened. However, Dexter Filkins understood that such things happened in the third world occasionally. In the third world cases such as earthquakes, plagues and famine were common where thousands of people would die. Dexter Filkins also had a similar experience on a bomb attack in Tel Aviv (Hampton, 2007). On the other hand, Katherine Finkelstein experienced the attacks. During the attack, she was in her gym and after the attack she moved to the scene of the attack. She got involved with the some of the survivors and interviewed them. She was scared and at some point she was screaming. Katherine Finkelstein was present when the building collapsed and at some point she was not able to tell what she saw or heard. Her situation was different from Dexter Filkins as things were hectic, and people were running away from the scene. However, she managed to get out of the scene alive and made the effort of writing small notes in her notebook about the events that happened. Her perception was either the world has ended or has changed. Later on Katherine Finkelstein was involved in the rescue operation of the individuals injured at the scene (Roleff, 2003). Both Katherine Finkelstein and Dexter Filkins were journalists. Dexter Filkins indicates that she realized she was not alone in the building as there was a photographer at the scene taking photos. She also indicates that she at one moment thought of the battery of the cell phone as she used to call the station frequently. Both of the journalists also had encounters with the police as there were restricted areas where they could not access. On the case of Katherine Finkelstein she was personally rescued by an FBI agent from the collapsing building (Hampton,

Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy - Essay Example Firstly, it presents the current situation of the world of luxury watch brands. This primarily comprises of the market share of the luxury brands of the world. Then it makes an analysis of the various product lines of the brand. A discussion of the way in which the market is segmented by the brand and the purpose of such segmentation have been presented. The environmental analysis of the brand presents the nature of external environment in which the company operates. Then a competitive analysis has been provided to identify the brands which have been posing threat to the brand. This has been done using the contemporary tools and techniques of marketing. Having done this the project proposes suitable recommendations or changes in its marketing strategies. This includes the market segment that the brand should target, the introduction of new styles and designs, the use of technology and the use of best price. This has been done keeping in view the future welfare of the company and the ensuring the welfare of the stakeholders. The World Watch Market The number of millionaires in the world has doubled since 1996. The increase in spending of the customers has resulted in the rise in prices of all kinds of commodities. The luxurious consumer demonstrates a high growth in their propensity of spending. â€Å"In 2006 the typical consumer's spending on luxury items rose 6.6% to reach $56,065, following an increase of 3.8% in spending in 2005† (Aginsky, 2008). USA comprises of a major portion of the market for luxury brands and is expected to expand even further. The following figure shows the market shares of the premium brands of watches in the world. Figure 1: Market Share of the luxury brands of watches of the world (Source: Europa Star, 2005) The number of watches sold in Shanghai amounts to 1.5 million approximately in a year. The sale amounts to 55 million euro. However, 45% of the sales comprises of imports. Although Shanghai’s production of watches remain high, even then the city’s demand for foreign watches remain substantially high. This reflects the reason for the growth of the watch markets in the world. The people’s growing concern for design, style and image constitutes the main reason behind the success of the luxury watch brands of the world. Watches are considered to be fashion accessories and style symbols (Europa Star, 2005). Omega is one of the most popular brands among the high income individuals of the world. â€Å"In the mid-range, Longines, Titoni and Oris lead the field† (Europa Star, 2005). Domestic brands like Casio and Swatch have also grown in demand recently. Another place where the watch market has progressed considerably is Russia. The rise in sales of luxury watches was 39% in the year 2007. This time was considered to be most valuable time for the progress of the watch market. In fact the sale of Swiss watches had increased considerably during the same time. Research reveals that the market conditions of the world was phenomenal and served as the most promising factor towards the flourish of the luxury brands market. The demand for luxury watches rose substantially in Russia, Asia, Middle East, and in America (Aginsky, 2008). Investigation and Analysis Portfolio Analysis Launching of new product lines at different points of time have been the key strategic moves made by the brand. In 2009, Rolex launched a

The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock Essay Example for Free

The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock Essay Without a doubt, T.S. Eliot is one of the most important figures of English literature. In the world of poetry he towers even more. One of the Eliot’s best known works is The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, which at the time of its publication was even considered as one of the most important events in the history of English poetry (Lowe, 1). This must not comes as a surprise bearing in mind the fact that there is something radical about the poem as if Eliot was saying that he intends to do something new; something never done before. He succeeded to a great extent and he wrote a poem that is haunting in its powerful way of describing an unhealthy form of rigid self-examination because the main character is the ultimate representative of all those who are self-conscious to a fault. J. Alfred Prufrock’s extreme self-consciousness greatly affected his personality and his relationship with others especially to the one he loves. The problem of J. Alfred Prufrock can be further simplified into the following: 1. He was a an extremely self-conscious man; and 2. He was an extremely self-conscious lover Being a very self-conscious man will already create serious problems for Prufrock but if he will add â€Å"self-conscious lover† to his resume then he is in for a big trouble. A self-conscious man is already struggling with low self-esteem, immobilized by analysis paralysis and wasting time second guessing himself but if he becomes a lover his anxieties is taken to the next level. But before going any further it is better to start understanding Prufrock as a man. A Self-conscious Man There is nothing wrong with a healthy dose of self-consciousness. This prevents a person from thinking too highly about himself and saves him from the destructive forces of pride and other narcissistic behavior. Being self-conscious is the mark of a wise man making him sensitive to others around him and he will always do his best to look presentable and try as much as he can not to offend anyone. But there is also the extreme side of being self-conscious. Robert Cook was correct when he remarked that there is such a thing as an â€Å"excess of consciousness† or as Cook would like to put it, an â€Å"unhealthy self-consciousness† (224). He was talking about Prufrock, the literary character who expertly demonstrated how to behave in such extremes. It can be argued that one of the root causes of extreme self-consciousness is fear. Fear of being rejected, fear of loss, fear of the unknown, fear of betrayal, fear of pain and so much more. But trying to insulate a person’s life from these tragedies may help him to avoid specific setbacks but it does not guarantee happiness or experiencing life to the fullest. So Prufrock will now have to choose between protecting himself from pain or the chance of becoming self-fulfilled and most importantly the chance to be with the person that he loves. For many it is a no-brainer question; they will take a chance than to forever regret not risking anything and therefore losing everything. Prufrock’s timidity was expertly hidden by the use of his intellect. He justifies his pathetic existence by the superiority of his reasoning. Beginning in lines 26 Prufrock believed in his own delusion and he said: There will be time, there will be time To prepare†¦ Time for you and time for me, And time yet for a hundred indecisions, And for hundred visions and revisions, Before the taking of a toast and tea Prufrock could be forgiven if he is dealing with life and death situations that require careful planning and analysis. Everyone will understand if he was contemplating on a career change or deciding to marry someone or not. But most of the time his problems are as simple as deciding to go out or not or to eat a piece a fruit or refrain from doing so. It requires decision to do such things but a normal person will do it in a snap, not to brood over it for days; and not spending so much time over it that he can even write a poem describing his thought process. A Self-conscious Lover It was made clear that this poem should focus on love, particularly the love between a man and a woman. In order to direct the focus of the reader to this subject matter Eliot made sure that the title should inform that this is a love song, a heartfelt song from Prufrock to his lover. Moreover, Eliot introduces the poem using the words from perhaps the greatest lover of all, Dante who went to hell and back for the love of his life Beatrice (McCormick, 108). There is only one difficulty with that assertion – it is hard to see the ramblings of the self-tortured man as a love song. How could he win his lover through the use of such language? Is there a woman out there who will be flattered by his inability to act decisively? Maybe Prufrock was looking for a female version of a self-doubter like him. As mentioned earlier, being a self-conscious man is enough to bring trouble to a man but if the same person falls in love; his world will totally turn upside down. Being self-conscious means the inability to decide if he will move forward or backward. A man in love will only feel one action and it is moving forward, the natural reaction of a man is attracted to a lovely thing. It is a natural behavior when a man is drawn to a beautiful woman. One could just imagine the conflict raging on inside Prufrock, his natural tendencies forces him to move in circles while his heart pushes him to move forward. It is like sliding down a slippery slope and one tries to stop the downhill slide with bare hands. It is painful and not a wise move. Prufrock already had enough on his plate dealing with mundane things but when love entered the picture he was totally overwhelmed from extreme self-consciousness. In line 55, in one of the most revealing part of the poem, Prufrock tells of his insecurity in the presence of other people: And I have known the arms already, known them all – The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase, And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin, When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall, Then how should I begin? Prufrock sees himself like a specimen being studied closely by others. He may be right that there are those who make it their business to gossip and spread lies against other people, but life should not be lived that way and that there is no excuse for his behavior. Yet Prufrock refuses to change his mind. Conclusion Prufrock felt like he was about to ram against a wall. The wall of criticism is standing between him and his lady love. The critics are many and they surround him. He felt that he was like someone pinned to the wall while the rich and powerful ladies are circling around and examining his limited capabilities and mediocre appearance. On the other hand he felt something inside him that encourages him to leap beyond the wall and by doing so win the love of a woman. At the end Prufrock was convinced that he does not have what it takes to confront the inner voices that tell him he was not good enough. He decided to quit the fight. He rationalizes that it is not worth it and that there is no use delaying the inevitable and for him there is no sense in struggling when he knew perfectly well that at the end he will lose the fight. At the end nothing of value can be seen except that the life of J. Alfred Prufrock serves as an example to what awaits a man with an unhealthy sense of consciousness.

The Principles And Misconceptions In Effective Interpersonal Communications Psychology Essay

The Principles And Misconceptions In Effective Interpersonal Communications Psychology Essay Good interpersonal skills, with the aid of communication skills and emotional intelligence, are a weapon that can work for or against the future of newly married couples. Learning ones behavior depends, solely, on the level of interaction between the parties, guided by principles of communication. The latter influences the unfolding of future events basing on perceived trust. In the modern society, family unions, especially marriages, are facing turbulence times in spite of professional counselors. The result is that a high proportion of these unions usually end up in divorce, justifying the rising number of single parent families globally. The cause of such a trend, to an extent, is poor communication skills in relationships and misconceptions that arise thereafter. Therefore, lack of clear knowledge of the guiding principles of interpersonal relationships is the leading cause of instability in many unions. To begin with, there is not one known way to remedy social conflicts arising from interpersonal relationships. Experts in marital and family matters (guiding and counseling professionals and psychotherapists) have, for a long time, proposed application of an amalgam of various measures to salvage breaking marriages. Among them, are as described below: The principles and misconceptions in effective interpersonal communications Interpersonal relationships established basing on openness and honesty are hinged on clarity of interpersonal communications. When one of the couples feels withdrawn from the conversation, then the signal sent is very clear, implying that the quality of communication is deteriorating gradually. Hence, in the near future decision making becomes one persons responsibility. Therefore, conflicts emerge and its devastative effects become imminent or disastrous (LeBaron, 2008). Consequently, as put forward by Pierce, in his book Training in Interpersonal Communication Skills with the Partners of Deteriorated Marriages, respect is the, fundamental, core value of any successful interpersonal relationships. The most critical part of it is that couples should first understand and agree with the fact that respect is mutually earned, but not commanded. As a result, couples will appreciate themselves, of who they really are, in terms of personality and capabilities. Subsequently, couples should not confuse respect for fear. This is because fear brings inferiority complex to the afflicted party. The above highlighted points are of equal importance to avoiding of unnecessary interruption to the other party through understanding their mood, attitude, and behavior. Unnecessary interferences take many forms depending on the couples likes and dislikes. For example, couples should learn and practice listening and speaking skills. This enables a smooth flow of conversation, which put understanding to the optimum. Therefore, chances of misunderstanding are low, as the union survives through future probable conflicts (Pierce, 2001). Define emotional intelligence and its role in effective interpersonal relationships Emotional intelligence has various versions of definitions. This concept as defined by Salovey and Meayer, (1990) could imply the understanding of ones feelings and applying the same in logical thinking. It also encompasses the ability to understand other peoples emotional link to the same issue in comparison to your view. The key issues highlighted in this definition forms the basis of understanding and improving interpersonal communication and interpersonal relationships. For example, a couple should know their emotions and motivate each other to change for their better lives. Management of individual emotions and that of others improves ones skills in handling conflicts in relationships especially marital unions, which in most cases have strong attachment. Other scholars like Marques, (2007) further attached the meanings of these emotions in the process of solving interpersonal problem among relationships. According to John Cox, (2011), emotional intelligence has tremendous results when applied effectively. In support of that, Cox outlined the various roles of emotional intelligence, whose impacts resulted to great benefit to couples who adopted his proposal. For example, one of the crucial roles of emotional intelligence is self-awareness. This enhances ones ability to recognize their emotions, enabling them to understand its effects on them and other people. As a couple, you will accurately evaluate yourselves in terms of strength and weakness and in turn learn to adopt each other, therefore building self-confidence and trust amongst yourself. Another role of emotional intelligence is that of self-management. This skill helps couples to adapt to their new environment, enabling them to develop proactive measures to unknown situation. Motivation that comes along with self-management compels one to perform even better. The trustworthy of couples improves as each party can link emotional consistency to behavior, a reason justifying their integrity. Therefore, all events culminate to couples becoming optimistic of spending a lifetime together. Social awareness is another component of emotional intelligence whose contribution is equally important as those discussed above. Social awareness enhances empathy, which is, understanding and developing concern to other peoples welfare. As couples with a view to live happily with true love, parties in the union must feel empathized with, especially when they are down emotionally. Couples will learn to be service- oriented because of being socially aware of what they are required to do. R elationships management forms the last component of the roles played by emotional intelligence in personal development. Emotional intelligence helps one to inspire and guide other peoples behavior as a role model. This is through challenging others to improve on their performance and realize their full potential, also initiating change management attitude. Learning other peoples reactions, especially that of your spouse enhances amicable conflict resolution strategies among the couples. This is because negotiation skills will improve their interpersonal communication. Identify the barriers to effective interpersonal interactions.   Interpersonal interaction requires both attentive listening and audibility in speaking. Human beings usually feel appreciated when given the attention they deserve or talked to humbly with respect. Couples should learn to speak and listen to each other at a time. Clashing of conversations is usually perceived to have emanated from competition for attention between the couples, which in most cases develops to a quarrel a misunderstanding. Some of the barriers to listening as put forth by Beebe et al. 2000 are as follows: Having a critical attitude towards the speaker, couples should be cautious while approaching each other with a preset mind or attitude because it develops into a habit with time. External distraction can cause loss of concentration to a conversation, either temporarily or permanently. Conversing in an environment with high-pitched noise automatically distorts the intended information and as a result, misunderstanding could lead to unnecessary conflicts. Distorted focus- diverted attention, which is, trying to focus on listening to the speaker and at the same time attending to other matters. When being talked to by your partner, your listening time is highly valuable because it determines the result of the conversation or subsequent responses and reactions. Barriers to effective speaking include but not limited to the following: Ambiguity- a conversation, which lacks clarity tends to obscure the message relayed. The use of abstracts, jargons, and unaccepted informal dialects, in most cases leads to misunderstanding. Prejudging attitude- rushing to making conclusions usually result in facts conflicting. Couples should try as much as possible to; at all times have a full appraisal of each others view before making binding decisions. Stereotype and generalization- alluding to stereotypes usually blocks the flow of information. Thus, to avoid being looked upon as narrow-minded by your partner, for quoting common and meaningless statements, couples should quit such behaviors. To conclude on this issue of barriers to effective communication, several strategies to support listening and speaking skills are as follows: For example, direct your focus on your partner during conversation, pay attention, and concentrate on the speaker. At the same time, be empathic with your partner to show that actually you are actively participating in the conversation. Barriers to effective speaking could reduce if the speaker focuses on the issue at hand rather than the person to avoid being emotional. Also, enhance genuineness throughout the talk to show credibility (Beebe et al. 2000). 4). Evaluate appropriate levels of self-disclosure in relationships Self-disclosure is a situation whereby an individual decides, voluntarily, to share information regarding their private or personal lives, which the other party would not have known. Disclosure happens when relationships that people form has grown strong and mutual trust usually exist between the persons. According to West Turner, (2006), disclosure heightens the level of intimacy in the relationship. That is, the strength of bond between the couples usually improves and withstands the test of time from marital forces. Couples should learn to trust each other with their properties, and most importantly information pertaining to their lives. This is because disclosure of one party influences the other party to try to justify their part, a situation West Turner referred to as dyadic effect. That is, the compelling tendency of a persons disclosure influencing the other party to also expose some information they once regarded as private or a secret. Couples should adopt such a style be cause they will live free of past haunting guilt and they will understand each others behavior comprehensively. Though self-disclosure has its own benefits in marriages or unions of any kind, it is prudent to know the limits of disclosure to avoid hurting the other party. Therefore, there are some guidelines purposely for limiting partners from disgracing with their personal information. These principles limits when and to whom to share your personal data. They include: Self-disclosure should be confined between two intimate people. It is relieving experience where a couple feels light-hearted, free from inner invisible burdens. The same could take place in group therapy settings and public counseling lectures. Self-exposure is reciprocal, that is, for it to be successful, it has to be two way (dialogue). The other will also feel the urge to disclose their hidden secrets, because their counterparts disclosed. If a breakdown of reciprocity occurs, then trust between the couples is shaken. Disclosure has to occur in a certain context of time, not anytime. The duration of the relationship matters a lot on the type of information to disclose and that to retain. The case of newly married couples is challenging, the level of information disclosure should be progressive, just as the relationship grows. Couples should know that definitions of certain statements changes with time. Therefore, the meaning of information disclosed now can imply something different in the future. For example, a historic statement can be associated to one of the couples behavior in future, in case they behave in manner likely to be that which they expounded. Have reasons for self-disclosure. Release of information should not be too voluntarily without justification of a phenomenon. A couple wanting to experience catharsis have a different perception to self-disclosure from those wanting to know themselves better. Maintaining existing relationship and initiating one, requires some degree of understanding between these partners. Therefore, they have to expose part of their identity to the other partner for the growth and development of their relationship apart from themselves being healthy and free of stress (West, 2006). Some people have had reasons not to disclose their information whatsoever. According to West Turner, (2006), couples should consider the effect of their disclosure prior to disclosing their data. Majority of the people will fail to release their data because of the following reasons: evading hurting or rejection, avoid unnecessary conflicts, and be conservative with their personality, which reduces potential stress of whether the other party accepted the information with sincerity. However, in the process of disclosing information regarding their past life, the key principles of disclosure should be observed. For example, when couples choose to disclose their information to each other, honesty and consistency should be explicit. The relevance of the content of the information should remain straightforward; otherwise, one of the parties might be worsening the situation. 5). Describe strategies for managing interpersonal conflicts Conflicts are inevitable in marital lives or unions. Conflicts usually occur when there is interdependence between people, when couples are aware that they have different goals in life or perceive the other arty as a hindrance to self-actualization. Another principle in understanding marital conflicts is by accepting the positive and negative effects of the conflict resolution process. In spite of conflicts seen as an indicator of turmoil in unions, majority shows the relationship is worthy (Michelle, 2008). The sources of conflicts usually occur in a sequential style and they include competition for anything, losers denying the credibility of the conflict resolution processes and declare their dissatisfaction. Furthermore, avoiding conflicts and accommodating defeats implies sacrificing their personal needs for the sake of peace. Therefore, it is high time for couples to adopt conflicts management techniques, which resembles the steps as outlined by Michelle, (2008): Conflicts management begins with conflict definition. The conflict description should encompass content and relationship issues. Storing of grievances and retrieving during arbitration endangers the relationships future. Hence, the specific problem should be identified and relevant measures developed to solve the problem. The next step is to examine possible solution through an open conversation. Involve each party of the union equally in problem solving and identification of solutions. Each party should consider the costs and benefits of their proposal. The third step in conflict resolution after identifying the solution is to test its practicability. This will give room for early improvement on the chosen remedy before its full implementation. The fourth step is to evaluate the solution to identify its effects, in terms of mutual peace among the parties and their degree of satisfaction. In case the solution proposed is not favorable to both parties, revision or harmonization is necessary for its acceptance. In conclusion, my recommendations to most newly married couples are to improve on their emotional intelligence regardless of their status. This as explained earlier in the text helps in understanding our emotions in relation to other peoples emotions. Therefore, managing stress, conflicts, and misconceptions that see day-old unions break, are avoidable. Knowledge of interpersonal communication barriers helps individuals to know when and how to express their feelings in a certain way, depending on the circumstance. Understanding such concepts will reduce the escalating number of single families globally, also couples will experience happy marital lives rather than enduring their marital lives. Yours faithfully, Name